SubstationU

PR-408: Cybersecurity, Firmware and Settings Management, and Test Automation. This self-paced class covers protection cybersecurity, secure relay access and logging, firmware updates, settings version control, automated test plans, and controlling laptops and removable media, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Expert Protective Relaying (Level 4 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 8 of 8 in the Level 4 series, Expert Protective Relaying (PR-401 to PR-408). Recommended order: PR-401 through PR-409; classes may be taken in any order. Level 3 is recommended preparation.

Class 2 of 8: Instrument Transformers: CTs and VTs. This self-paced class covers CT and VT ratio, polarity, burden, IEEE C57.13 accuracy classes, saturation, wye/delta/residual connections, VT connections and fusing, open-CT and shorted-VT hazards, and ATS 7.10.1/7.10.2 tests, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series (Level 1 course). CTD recognition requested.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass. Each of the eight classes is a separate course, and the recommended order is Class 1 to Class 8, but you can take them in any order.

Class 4 of 8: Overcurrent Protection (50/51/50N/51N/51G) and Time-Current Curves. This self-paced class covers 50 and 51 elements, multiples of pickup, time dial, IEEE C37.112 inverse curves, 50N/51N and 50G/51G ground connections, and reading time-current curves, inrush points, damage curves and CTI, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series (Level 1 course). CTD recognition requested.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass. Each of the eight classes is a separate course, and the recommended order is Class 1 to Class 8, but you can take them in any order.

Class 6 of 8: DC Control and Trip Circuits, Lockout (86) and Breaker Failure (50BF). This self-paced class covers station DC systems, breaker trip and close circuits, 52a/52b, anti-pump, indicating lights, trip circuit supervision, 86 lockout and 50BF breaker failure, and DC elementary troubleshooting, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series (Level 1 course). CTD recognition requested.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass. Each of the eight classes is a separate course, and the recommended order is Class 1 to Class 8, but you can take them in any order.

PR-406: Misoperation Investigation and Root Cause Analysis (NERC PRC-004 Concepts). This self-paced class covers classifying misoperations, preserving evidence and building a timeline, five whys and fishbone root cause methods, common causes, human performance tools, and corrective action plans, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Expert Protective Relaying (Level 4 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 6 of 8 in the Level 4 series, Expert Protective Relaying (PR-401 to PR-408). Recommended order: PR-401 through PR-409; classes may be taken in any order. Level 3 is recommended preparation.

Class 2 of 8: Insulation Resistance Testers (Megohmmeters). This self-paced class covers insulation resistance testing: the principle, test voltage selection, connections and the guard terminal, PI and DAR, temperature correction, discharge, and asset-by-asset practice, plus a field walkthrough and a composite case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video clip activities, two practice activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Introduction to Electrical Test Equipment series (Level 1 course). Contact hours, CEUs and CTD credit: pending approval.

Read the lesson book, complete the video clip activities and the two practice activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass. Each of the eight classes is a separate course; the recommended order is Class 1 to Class 8, but you can take them in any order.

Class 4 of 8: Low-Resistance, Winding Resistance and Torque Tools. This self-paced class covers four-wire (Kelvin) measurement, DLRO use, reversal averaging, transformer winding resistance, torque tools and calibration, and thermography follow-up, plus a field walkthrough and a composite case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video clip activities, two practice activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Introduction to Electrical Test Equipment series (Level 1 course). Contact hours, CEUs and CTD credit: pending approval.

Read the lesson book, complete the video clip activities and the two practice activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass. Each of the eight classes is a separate course; the recommended order is Class 1 to Class 8, but you can take them in any order.

Class 6 of 8: Circuit Breaker and Trip Unit Test Equipment. This self-paced class covers circuit breaker primary injection, time-current curves, secondary injection of trip units, settings, ground fault and neutral protection, motor-circuit logic and breaker timing, plus a field walkthrough and a composite case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video clip activities, two practice activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Introduction to Electrical Test Equipment series (Level 1 course). Contact hours, CEUs and CTD credit: pending approval.

Read the lesson book, complete the video clip activities and the two practice activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass. Each of the eight classes is a separate course; the recommended order is Class 1 to Class 8, but you can take them in any order.

Class 8 of 8: Thermography, Batteries, Renewables and Specialty Instruments. This self-paced class covers infrared thermography and delta-T, battery testing, solar and EV equipment checks, other instruments, and a capstone, plus a field walkthrough and a composite case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video clip activities, two practice activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Introduction to Electrical Test Equipment series (Level 1 course). Contact hours, CEUs and CTD credit: pending approval.

Read the lesson book, complete the video clip activities and the two practice activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass. Each of the eight classes is a separate course; the recommended order is Class 1 to Class 8, but you can take them in any order.

Class 1 of 8: Protection Fundamentals and Device Numbers. This self-paced class covers why power systems need protection, the protection chain, zones of protection, performance attributes, fault types and fault-current estimation, and IEEE C37.2 device numbers, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series (Level 1 course). CTD recognition requested.

Read the lesson book, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass. Each of the eight classes is a separate course, and the recommended order is Class 1 to Class 8, but you can take them in any order.

PR-302: Advanced Transformer Differential Testing (87T). This self-paced class covers 87T testing on modern relays: vector groups and compensation, TAP and mismatch, slope and minimum pickup tests, harmonic restraint, and finding common differential errors, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Advanced Protective Relaying (Level 3 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 2 of 8 in the Level 3 series, Advanced Protective Relaying (PR-301 to PR-308). Recommended order: PR-301 through PR-309; classes may be taken in any order. Level 2 is recommended preparation.

PR-203: CT Performance: Saturation, Burden, Accuracy Classes, and VT/CCVT Issues. This self-paced class covers CT excitation and saturation, burden calculations, C-class accuracy ratings, DC offset and X/R effects, remanence, and VT and CCVT performance issues for protection, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Intermediate Protective Relaying (Level 2 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 3 of 8 in the Level 2 series, Intermediate Protective Relaying (PR-201 to PR-208). Recommended order: PR-201 through PR-209; classes may be taken in any order. Level 1 (PR-101 to PR-109) is recommended preparation.

PR-205: Transformer Protection: 87T Differential, Harmonic Restraint, REF and Backup. This self-paced class covers 87T percent differential TAP calculation, phase and zero-sequence compensation, slope and minimum pickup, harmonic restraint, REF, 24 V/Hz and transformer backup protection, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Intermediate Protective Relaying (Level 2 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 5 of 8 in the Level 2 series, Intermediate Protective Relaying (PR-201 to PR-208). Recommended order: PR-201 through PR-209; classes may be taken in any order. Level 1 (PR-101 to PR-109) is recommended preparation.

PR-207: Line Protection: Distance (21) Reach Settings, Pilot Schemes, Reclosing (79) and Synch Check (25). This self-paced class covers distance relay secondary impedance and zone reach calculations, k0 compensation, infeed, pilot schemes (DCB, POTT, PUTT, DCUB, DTT, 87L), reclosing dead time and 25 synchronism check, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Intermediate Protective Relaying (Level 2 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 7 of 8 in the Level 2 series, Intermediate Protective Relaying (PR-201 to PR-208). Recommended order: PR-201 through PR-209; classes may be taken in any order. Level 1 (PR-101 to PR-109) is recommended preparation.

PR-301: Relay Test Planning: Reading Settings Files, Logic and Building a Test Plan. This self-paced class covers turning a settings file into a test scope, reading programmable logic and trip matrices, choosing test methods (steady state, ramp, pulse, state sequence), acceptance criteria, isolation and test switches, and writing a test plan, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Advanced Protective Relaying (Level 3 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 1 of 8 in the Level 3 series, Advanced Protective Relaying (PR-301 to PR-308). Recommended order: PR-301 through PR-309; classes may be taken in any order. Level 2 is recommended preparation.

PR-303: Distance Protection Testing: Characteristics, Load Encroachment and Power Swing. This self-paced class covers distance protection testing: mho and quadrilateral characteristics, ground-zone compensation (k0), search and shot tests, zone timers, load encroachment, power-swing blocking and switch-onto-fault, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Advanced Protective Relaying (Level 3 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 3 of 8 in the Level 3 series, Advanced Protective Relaying (PR-301 to PR-308). Recommended order: PR-301 through PR-309; classes may be taken in any order. Level 2 is recommended preparation.

PR-305: IEC 61850 for Test Technicians: GOOSE, Sampled Values and Test Modes. This self-paced class covers IEC 61850 for test technicians: station and process bus, SCL files, GOOSE verification, test and simulation modes for virtual isolation, Sampled Values, merging units and PTP time sync, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Advanced Protective Relaying (Level 3 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 5 of 8 in the Level 3 series, Advanced Protective Relaying (PR-301 to PR-308). Recommended order: PR-301 through PR-309; classes may be taken in any order. Level 2 is recommended preparation.

PR-307: Event and COMTRADE Analysis: Fault Records, Oscillography and Misoperations. This self-paced class covers event reports, SER and COMTRADE files, reading oscillography, identifying fault types, deciding correct operation or misoperation, playback testing and writing a root-cause report, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Advanced Protective Relaying (Level 3 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 7 of 8 in the Level 3 series, Advanced Protective Relaying (PR-301 to PR-308). Recommended order: PR-301 through PR-309; classes may be taken in any order. Level 2 is recommended preparation.

PR-401: Protection Design Review and Coordination Studies: The Field Perspective. This self-paced class covers how protection engineers build coordination studies, what a field reviewer should check in a study, coordination time intervals, infeed and outfeed effects, and how to report study comments, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Expert Protective Relaying (Level 4 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 1 of 8 in the Level 4 series, Expert Protective Relaying (PR-401 to PR-408). Recommended order: PR-401 through PR-409; classes may be taken in any order. Level 3 is recommended preparation.

PR-403: Line Current Differential and Advanced Line Protection Subtleties. This self-paced class covers line current differential principles, the alpha plane, channel timing and asymmetry, charging current, tapped and series-compensated lines, and other line protection subtleties, plus a field walkthrough and a case study. It has about 45 minutes of lesson content plus video activities and a 30-question quiz. It is part of the SubstationU.com Protective Relaying Series, Expert Protective Relaying (Level 4 course). Contact hours and CEUs: pending.

Read the lesson book and complete the video activities, then pass the 30-question quiz with 80% (24 of 30) or better; you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

Class 3 of 8 in the Level 4 series, Expert Protective Relaying (PR-401 to PR-408). Recommended order: PR-401 through PR-409; classes may be taken in any order. Level 3 is recommended preparation.

The best distribution system is one that will, cost-effectively and safely, supply adequate electric service to both present and future probable loads. This course examines selection of a system arrangement and its profound impact on the reliability and maintainability of electrical distribution.

It is the responsibility of a test technician to know which piece of test equipment to use for the task at hand and also to understand the limitations of the test equipment they are using. In this course, we will examine the most common pieces of test equipment used in the field.

Year One provides the foundation for safe and effective electrical testing work. Apprentices begin by learning the safety principles, hazard recognition, and work practices required to perform testing responsibly. From there, the course introduces the fundamentals of electricity, electrical calculations, and AC/DC circuit behavior to build core technical understanding. The year then progresses into basic testing methods, including insulation, resistance, thermographic, and current testing, before finishing with system diagrams, symbols, and introductory system analysis. By the end of the first year, the apprentice should have a stronger understanding of how to work safely, how electrical systems behave, and how core testing methods are used in the field.

PR-209: Intermediate Protective Relaying: Comprehensive Review is an optional 40-question review covering all eight Level 2 classes. You need 80% (32 of 40) to pass, and you can retake the quiz as many times as you need until you pass.

The questions are drawn from the class question banks. This review does not count toward NETA CTD contact hours.

Optional review for the Level 2 series, Intermediate Protective Relaying (PR-201 to PR-208). Recommended order: PR-201 through PR-209; classes may be taken in any order. Level 1 (PR-101 to PR-109) is recommended preparation.